CNH2 participates in the first report on maritime fuels based on hydrogen derivatives published by the Hydrogen Technology Observatory
The Hydrogen Technology Observatory has published its first knowledge report, entitled “Use of Hydrogen Derivatives as Maritime Fuels: Ammonia and Methanol.” The document analyzes the potential of these two fuels in the maritime sector, addressing key aspects such as their physicochemical and environmental properties, technological maturity, current regulations, and main present and future applications. At CNH2, we have actively participated in its preparation, with our colleagues Enrique Saborit Rojas and Vanesa Sendarrubias Carbonero forming part of the author team alongside specialists from Enagás, CIDAUT, Moeve, and the Technical University of Madrid (UPM).
Reducing emissions in maritime transport is a crucial challenge and a priority line within global strategies against climate change. In this context, methanol and ammonia, produced from green hydrogen, are presented as key options to drive the energy transition.
Methanol emerges as the most immediate alternative for maritime transport. Its high volumetric energy density facilitates the adaptation of propulsion systems and integration into existing port infrastructure, making it a viable short-term option, particularly for short- and medium-distance routes.
On the other hand, ammonia offers a longer-term horizon. Although its energy density is lower than methanol, it benefits from a robust global logistics infrastructure, with more than 170 operational terminals worldwide, paving the way for its future use. Thus, ammonia positions itself as a strategic long-term solution, particularly suitable for transoceanic voyages.
Market Perspectives and Future Demand
By 2050, a profound transformation in maritime transport is expected: half of the global fleet will use propulsion systems based on renewable energies such as hydrogen, ammonia, or methanol.
Among these alternatives, ammonia appears as the fuel with the highest potential, with an estimated share of 35% to 44% in the maritime mix. Methanol, meanwhile, is also gaining ground, with forecasts placing its share between 3% and 26%, according to analyses by the IEA (International Energy Agency) and Everllence.
Legal Aspects
For methanol, the regulations governing its use as a marine fuel are already defined and in force through MSC.1/Circ.1621.
Regarding ammonia, amendments are currently being processed to the IGF (International Code of Safety for Ships Using Gases or Other Low-Flashpoint Fuels) and IGC (International Code of the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk) codes. These regulatory updates are expected to take effect in 2027, marking a milestone for its safe deployment in the maritime sector.
Ships currently transporting ammonia or methanol are emerging as the first candidates to operate with these fuels, leveraging their operational experience and reducing logistical barriers. To maximize their potential, it will be essential to boost renewable production, promote investment in propulsion and storage technologies, adapt port and bunkering infrastructure, and advance specific regulations, particularly for ammonia. In this way, hydrogen, ammonia, and methanol can play a decisive role in the maritime transport transition toward net-zero emissions, while ensuring the competitiveness and sustainability of global supply chains.
You can consult the full report through the following link.
